Imashini zo gupima ibyuma zikora hejuru ya 95% by'ibyuma bisanzwe

Ibyuma bya Feri bikunze gutunganywa

Icyuma cyoroshye n'icyuma cya karuboni

Ibi ni byo bikoresho bikunze gutunganywa na Ibikoresho by'ibyuma:

• Impapuro z'icyuma n'ibice bya plate

• Ibisigazwa by'imyanda byo mu iduka ry'itangazamakuru bishyirwa mu kanda

• Imigozi y'icyuma n'insinga

• Ibice byoroheje by'imiterere

Bikaranga neza kandi bigatera imigozi ihamye, iteguye gutwara ikwiriye gukoreshwa mu gushyushya cyangwa kongera kugurisha mu itanura.

Ibisigazwa by'Ubuhanga n'Imashini

Inganda zikora ibintu akenshi zirasa:

• Ibyuma bizunguruka bivanze n'amatara asohoka

• Kuraho ibisigazwa by'imirongo yo gukata no gukubita

• Kwanga guteranya no gutanga ibisigaye

Abakora isuku mu gihe bategura ibisigazwa byo gukusanya buri gihe.

Ibisigazwa bitarimo feri bibereye gukaraba

Ibisigazwa bya aluminiyumu (Ubunini bwinshi, Agaciro gakomeye)

Imashini zo gushushanya ibyuma zikoreshwa cyane mu gutunganya aluminiyumu, harimo:

• Imiterere ya aluminiyumu yoherejwe

• Imitako y'impapuro n'inkombe z'uruziga

• Amacupa ya aluminiyumu n'ibisigazwa byoroheje byo gupfunyikamo

• Amadirishya n'amadirishya ashyirwa ku rukuta

Gushyira aluminiyumu mu cyuma bigabanya cyane ikiguzi cyo gutwara ibintu kandi bikarinda igihombo cy'ibikoresho.

Ibisigazwa by'umuringa n'umuringa

Nubwo umuringa uremereye, ibikoresho byo gupima umuringa bigira akamaro kuri:

• Udupfunyika tw'insinga z'umuringa (twakuwemo cyangwa twasukuwe)

• Imiterere ya busbar

• Ibikoresho by'umuringa n'amavali

Amabati amwe atuma ibipimo birushaho kuba byiza kandi yoroshya uburyo bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga.

Gusesa ibisigazwa by'imodoka n'ibikoresho

Gusenya byihuse n'ibigo bya ELV bikunze kuba bibi:

• Udupande tw'umubiri n'ibice by'icyuma gito

• Ibyuma bivanze nyuma yo gukuraho umwanda

• Ibice byoroheje bya aluminiyumu

Mbere yaIbisigazwa by'ibice irushaho kuryoherwa no gukata cyangwa gukata.

Ubwoko bw'ibisigazwa by'ibice bidakunze kwitabwaho mu gusiga ibirahuri

Mu buryo bufatika, abakora ibyuma byo gupima ni ntabwo ari byiza kuri:

• Ibyuma bikomeye by'icyuma

• Ibice biremereye bya moteri

• Ibisigazwa byuzuyemo uduce duto bisaba gukatwa

• Imitako minini cyane y'inyubako

Ibi bikoresho akenshi bisaba ibikoresho byo gukata, gukata, cyangwa gusya mbere yuko gukata bitangira gukora neza.

Ibisigazwa by'Ubuhanga n'Imashini

Inganda zikora ibintu akenshi zirasa:

• Ibyuma bizunguruka bivanze n'amatara asohoka

• Kuraho ibisigazwa by'imirongo yo gukata no gukubita

• Kwanga guteranya no gutanga ibisigaye

Abakora isuku mu gihe bategura ibisigazwa byo gukusanya buri gihe.

Ibisigazwa bitarimo feri bibereye gukaraba

Ibisigazwa bya aluminiyumu (Ubunini bwinshi, Agaciro gakomeye)

Imashini zo gushushanya ibyuma zikoreshwa cyane mu gutunganya aluminiyumu, harimo:

• Imiterere ya aluminiyumu yoherejwe

• Imitako y'impapuro n'inkombe z'uruziga

• Amacupa ya aluminiyumu n'ibisigazwa byoroheje byo gupfunyikamo

• Amadirishya n'amadirishya ashyirwa ku rukuta

Gushyira aluminiyumu mu cyuma bigabanya cyane ikiguzi cyo gutwara ibintu kandi bikarinda igihombo cy'ibikoresho.

Ibisigazwa by'umuringa n'umuringa

Nubwo umuringa uremereye, ibikoresho byo gupima umuringa bigira akamaro kuri:

• Udupfunyika tw'insinga z'umuringa (twakuwemo cyangwa twasukuwe)

• Imiterere ya busbar

• Ibikoresho by'umuringa n'amavali

Amabati amwe atuma ibipimo birushaho kuba byiza kandi yoroshya uburyo bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga.

Gusesa ibisigazwa by'imodoka n'ibikoresho

Gusenya byihuse n'ibigo bya ELV bikunze kuba bibi:

• Udupande tw'umubiri n'ibice by'icyuma gito

• Ibyuma bivanze nyuma yo gukuraho umwanda

• Ibice byoroheje bya aluminiyumu

Ibisigazwa byashyizwemo umugozi birushaho kuryoha mu gihe cyo gukata cyangwa gukata.

Ubwoko bw'ibisigazwa by'ibice bidakunze kwitabwaho mu gusiga ibirahuri

Mu buryo bufatika, abakora ibyuma byo gupima ni ntabwo ari byiza kuri:

• Ibyuma bikomeye by'icyuma

• Ibice biremereye bya moteri

• Ibisigazwa byuzuyemo uduce duto bisaba gukatwa

• Imitako minini cyane y'inyubako

Ibi bikoresho akenshi bisaba ibikoresho byo gukata, gukata, cyangwa gusya mbere yuko gukata bitangira gukora neza.

Ibipimo bisanzwe bya tekiniki abaguzi basuzuma

Mu guhitamo imashini yo gushushanya ibyuma, abakoresha bakunze kwibanda kuri ibi bikurikira:

• Ingufu zo gukanda: toni 80–400

• Amahitamo y'ingano ya Bale: yagenewe gutwara cyangwa kugaburira ifuru

• Ingano y'icyumba: ihuye n'ingano y'ibisigazwa

• Umuvuduko wa sisitemu ya hydraulic: umusaruro uhoraho wo gukoreshwa buri gihe

• Igihe cy'urugendo: bigira ingaruka ku ikoreshwa rya buri munsi

• Gukora n'intoki, igice kimwe cy'imashini cyangwa byikora byikora

Ingano nziza ituma ingano y'ibirahuri ihoraho kandi igakomeza igihe kirekire.

Inganda zishingikiriza ku mashini zitunganya ibyuma

Ibikoresho by'icyuma bikoreshwa cyane muri:

• Ibisigazwa Gukoresha ibyuma mu gutunganya amasosiyete

• Inganda zikora ibyuma n'inganda zikora imitako

• Inganda zikora ibikoresho byo gusohora no gusimbuza aluminiyumu

• Ibigo byo gusenya no kongera gukoresha ibikoresho mu buryo bwikora

• Ibyambu, imbuga, n'aho ibikoresho bihagarara

• Inganda zikora kandi zitunganya ibyuma

• Ibigo bikoresha umutungo usubiramo n'ibikoresha ibikoresho byo kongera gukoresha

Muri ibi bihe, abakora inzoga bakora nk' ibikoresho byo kugenzura ijwi, ntabwo ari imashini zicukura gusa.

Inyungu z'imikorere zigaragara mu ikoreshwa rya buri munsi

Ibikoresho bikoresha ibyuma bihuye neza bikunze kugera kuri ibi bikurikira:

• Ahantu ho gukorera hasukuye kandi hatekanye

• Kugabanya uburyo bwo gufata ibisigazwa by'intoki

• Amafaranga yo gutwara no kubika ibintu ni make

• Ubwiza bw'ibisigazwa buri gihe

• Umuvuduko wo gukwirakwiza ibikoresho wariyongereye

Izi ngaruka zigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku ngaruka z'imikorere, cyane cyane mu bidukikije bifite ibisigazwa byinshi.

Imashini zitunganya ibyuma zishobora gutunganya ibyuma byinshi bishaje, harimo icyuma gito, aluminiyumu, umuringa, umuringa, n'ibice by'imodoka byashenywe. Imbaraga zazo ziri mu gucunga ibisigazwa byoroheje kugeza ku biciriritse neza, bigahindura ibikoresho birekuye bikavamo ibice bito kandi bishobora gucuruzwa. Iyo bitoranijwe hashingiwe ku mvange nyayo y'ibisigazwa n'ibyo imikorere ikeneye, icyuma gipima ibyuma kiba umutungo wizewe haba mu kugenzura ikiguzi no mu kudahungabana kw'imikorere.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ibyuma bishaje imashini ikoresha ibyuma ishobora gutunganya?
Icyuma, aluminiyumu, umuringa, umuringa, n'ibisigazwa byoroheje bivanze n'ibikorwa byo gukora cyangwa gusenya.

Ese aluminiyumu ikwiriye imashini zo gushushanya ibyuma?
Yego. Imiterere ya aluminiyumu, impapuro, n'imitako ni bimwe mu bikoresho bikunze gushyirwamo imitako.

Ese ibikoresho by'icyuma bishobora gufata ibikoresho bivanze n'ibisigazwa by'imyanda?
Birashobora, igihe cyose ingano y'ibisigazwa n'ubucucike bizakomeza kuba mu rugero ntarengwa rw'imiterere y'imashini.

Ese imashini zo gufunga ibyuma zituma ubwikorezi burushaho kuba bwiza?
Yego. Gupima ubunini bigabanya ingano kugeza kuri 80%, bigabanya inshuro zo gutwara ibintu n'ikiguzi.